Beston Parks Management Pty Ltd & Anor v Sexton & Anor [2008] VSC 392 - Preliminary discovery

October 7, 2008

In Beston Parks Management Pty Ltd & Anor v Sexton & Anor Hollingworth J considered, on an appeal from a decision of a Master, an application for preliminary discovery under Rule 32.05.  The fact situation is familiar to commercial lawyers; executives enter into a agreement(s) upon leaving a company, presumably in exchange for a pay out.  The terms of the agreement(s) contain restrictive covenants preventing them from competing against their erstwhile employer or using confidential information they acquired during their tenure. The company suspects their formally loyal employees are about to set up in competition when they receive emails inadvertently addressed to the loyal troupers care of their previous address.  

The decision is a useful analysis of a procedure which is not used as often as it should be.   All to commonly the plaintiff will issue proceedings with insufficient information and find out, upon discovery that it needs to recast its case or that the initial suspicion falls at the early evidentiary hurdle.  It is one thing to amend a statement of claim to refine the allegations it is an entirely more difficult and fraught exercise to recast a pleading to essentially change the cause of action.  

The practical problem for a potential applicant is not the first pre requisite, knowing whether it might have a cause of action, but rather whether it has or doesn’t have sufficient information to decide whether to commence an action without preliminary discovery and whether it has made “all reasonable enquiries” before making the application. 

Principles Read the rest of this entry »

Statutory demands - decisions by the High Court in Deputy Commissioner of Taxation v Broadbeach Properties Pty Ltd [2008] HCA 41 & the Federal Court in West International Pty Ltd v Ultradrilling Pty Ltd [2008] FCA 1443

October 4, 2008

Nothing like a global downturn to make lawyers brush up on their insolvency law.  The starting point for a creditor winding up a company is the statutory demand.  The Tax Commissioner is a promiscious user of this particular legal scalpel.  So it is timely to consider two recent decisions on statutory demands; Broadbeach and  West International. The High Court decision in Broadbeach is particularly important in limiting the discretion available to the courts when considering an objection to a statutory demand based on an assessment by the Australian Taxation Office. Read the rest of this entry »

Sivritas v Sivritas & Anor [2008] VSC 374 (30 September 2008)- resulting trusts and constructive trust

October 3, 2008

When a family falls out sometimes the emotional stress is the easiest thing to resolve.  When property is involved, watch out.  Sivritas v Sivritas involves a son seeking an interest in the family home held in the name of his parents.  The fact situation is depressing familiar, one memmber of the family provides the capital or pays a significant part of the mortgage while the title holder(s) obtain the mortgage because he/she/they have an income and satisfy the bank’s requirement.  All too often there are real problems with proof of who agreed to do what, who contributed what and when and other matters of proof.  Here the original contribution dated back to 1979 with money being used to upgrade the dwelling and the critical dates being in 1984.  In the wonderful world of cash swirling about the court has to determine who to believe about events 20 odd years ago.  It is little wonder that when documents are found they are embraced by the court with like a lifejacket in a ocean storm. 

Putting aside the dense factual recitations Kyrou J’s judgment contains a very clear and useful analsysis on constructive and resulting trusts as they relate to this garden variety family fall out situation.  Read the rest of this entry »

Zhen v Mo & Ors [2008] VSC 300 (29 August 2008) - interesting case on freezing orders

September 2, 2008

One of the most frustrating aspects of litigation is winning a case and not being able to recover under a judgment. Hiding assets pre, during or post litigation is stock in trade of wily defendants. Forrest J’s decision in last Friday’s Zhen v Mo & Ors is a useful analysis of the principles involved with the grant of a Mareva Injunction. The action is more on the prosaic side. It is a de facto property dispute between a couple over the assets of their $2 shops. There is no good reason why these cases should still be heard in the state courts of Australia rather than the Family Court. The only, and it is a bad one, reason is that the conservative federal government just passed wouldn’t consent to the transfer of jurisdiction.

Relevant extracts of the decision: Read the rest of this entry »

Mosley v News Group Newspapers Ltd. [2008] EWHC 1777 (QB) (24 July 2008) - Another development in Privacy law

July 26, 2008

Mosley v News Group Newspapers Ltd. [2008] EWHC 1777 (QB) (24 July 2008)

 

Hore-Lacy v Cleary & Anor [2008] VSC 215 (25 June 2008) - Interlocutory fight over fair comment defence

June 26, 2008

Defamation litigation is prone to interlocutory stoushes. Statements of Claim are regularly amended with imputations polished and expanded as time goes on. On the defence side there are fights over the statement of claim and pleading the various defences. Given the cap that now applies to Defamation cases these interlocutory stoushes are probably going to make defamation matters even less likely to run. That is a bit of a pity given I like practising in this area. Working with language, arguing what words mean is fascinating.

Dyson Hore Lacy and Phil Cleary are in a grinding piece of litigation. It has been hard fought so far with applications to the Practice Court and onto the Court of Appeal. If this case goes to jury it will be spectacular.  Justice Kaye had to adjudicate an application by the defendants to amend their defence to plead fair comment. Bringing interlocutory applications on the pleadings are more important in defamation actions than most other civil claims.

Kaye J writes well. He wields a Mont Blanc with precision. It is far from lyrical prose but it is very clear. His decision is a very useful analysis on fair comment.  Read the rest of this entry »

Pru Goward goes school maam

October 26, 2006

GowardPru Goward was not a bad sex discrimination commissioner.  By and large she was measured and balanced.  Her last hurrah as Commissioner showed a real school maamish quality, legislate out the social ills and attitudes.  She called for a sex villification laws to curb degrading images of women in the media and on television.  Blunt instruments to deal with a complicated problem. 

Calling for Sheik Taj Aldin Alhilali to be deported is just crazy. What crime has he committed. She is a good journalist but lousy lawyer: 

Sample 1:

  • It is incitement to a crime.

Mmmmmmmm.  Saying “sway suggestively” and wore make-up and immodest dress … “and then you get a judge without mercy (rahma) and gives you 65 years” (today’s Australian ) is unbelievably mysogenistic and grotesque but not incitement in the eyes of the law.   Or is she referring to comment like “uncovered meat is the problem.” and “If she was in her room, in her home, in her hijab, no problem would have occurred.”  To guilty of incitement the accused must have one of requested. propositioned. advised, encouraged or authorised an illegal act.  What is the illegal act. Goward says it is incitement to rape.  As grotesque as the comments were they did not incite rape. 

Sample 2

  • Young Muslim men who now rape women can cite this in court, can quote this man … their leader in court,”

.So what if they quote the Sheik.  That sounds like good way of tagging on a few more years to the sentence.  It is not a defence of provocation. 

As unbelievably stupid as the sheik is the fact that he said what he said does not mean he incited or currently incites anyone to rape. It is not a breach of the vilification laws either. 

Frankly the fact that the Islamic community have him as as mufti shows how politically dopey they are.  And sure enough they Waheed Ali, poster boy of the Islamic Community, is wheeled out on today’s World Today to provide the voice of moderation.  All very well but he was part of the Islamic Council of Victoria which set the dogs on catch the fire and spruiks the joys of the odious racial villification act.  The bottom line is that the public shunning, media coverage and debate is the only way in which hideous and out of date views can be challenged.

 

Miranda goes mad over Jihad Jack

September 1, 2006

I should be happy.  I spent my university years trading insults with hard core left wing apparatchiks and reading left leaning columns in all the national dailies.  If you were of the left it was salad days.  The Labor party ruled in the States and Federally and they ran any agenda that mattered.  I was in the Liberal Club and president of it for a while.  I then endured as an opposition staffer on Peter Reith’s staff.  It was grim to be of the right then.

Now the right rules the airwaves.  Talk back is the ugly end of the spectrum while Albrechtson, Henderson, Devine (both of them), Bolt, Ackerman and Sheridan cut down sacred cows of the left herd with wild abandon. I often nod approvingly as I read these scribes burnt offerings (though Piers is a tough swallow most days).   But things are becoming a bit surreal of late with these culture warriors  The right has gone from taking on the silliness of the left and their many PC oriented positions on government, family, feminism and social policy to muscling up on basic rights and responsiblities.  There is this crazy race to see who can be more macho and aggressive on anything that isn’t hairy chested on the war on terror, law and order and all things associated with those halcyon days of yore when children respected parents, one could leave the back door open (though why is a good question) and there was social cohesion by the bucketload.  Yeah right! 

Take Miranda Devine in a suprisingly inane column in today’s SMH  Under the title Raw Truths about the great divide she asserts that where you stand on the Jihad Jack issue (read what you think of the civil liberties implications) tells us where you stand demographically and geographically. 

A sample of demonsiing and labelling dressed up as analysis:

Just like fellow Muslim convert and jihadist David Hicks, Thomas has become the pin-up boy for human rights lawyers, left-wingers, Noam Chomsky and anyone else who believes John Howard and George Bush are a bigger threat to world security than Osama bin Laden and Abu Bakar Bashir (Jihad Jack’s mates).

So human rights lawyers are now not only left wingers but Noam Chomsky acolytes and Howard haters.  Nonsense.  I voted for Howard and think Bush is getting a bad wrap and will probably remembered as a reasonable second tier president.  And I think Bin Laden and Bashir are each a threat which must be met. But control orders are oppressive, uinnecessary and an affront to a civilised society.  And lawyers do have the habit of leading charges against these sort of measures because they have the skills to do it.  They also see what happens when bad laws are applied.

Thomas is the fifth-generation Australian taxi driver who, like Hicks, trained in al-Qaeda terrorist camps in Afghanistan.

What is the relevance of his heritage or occupation?  As for training in Al Qaeda training camps that, I understand, is wrong.  He trained in a Taliban training camp.  There is a difference.  Until September 11 there was offial contact with the regime and the DEA in the US were working with them to eradicate poppy fields.  Curiously enough the Taliban were very anti poppy. 

He was on his way back to Australia with a falsified passport on an al-Qaeda-funded airline ticket when he was arrested in Pakistan in 2003. He was convicted in the Victorian Supreme Court in February under anti-terrorism laws for receiving funds from al-Qaeda and holding a false passport and sentenced to five years’ jail.

All true as far as it goes (except that the charge was not related to a false passport but rather tampering with a official passport.  Passports are the property of the Commonwealth.)  BUT….

That jury conviction was overturned on appeal two weeks ago because the court believed the confession he made to the federal police had been given under duress.

It did not believe the confession was given under duress.  It made that finding based on pretty clear evidence.  Furthermore when an AFP officer writes a memo having doubts about the admissibility of a confession you know the stench from Denmark is pretty damn strong.  There was no surprises with this result.  The surprise was the DPP pushing on with the case.

Believing Thomas to be a threat to national security, the Attorney-General, Philip Ruddock, this week signed a control order under anti-terrorism legislation, which prevents the father of three from leaving his house between midnight and 5am, restricts his phone and internet use, requires him to report to police three days a week, and not contact Osama bin Laden.

WRONG WRONG WRONG.  The control order was made by a Magistrate in an ex parte application.  Sloppy is your middle name Miranda.  That material which gives rise to this rush of blood to extremity will be fascinating to see. Lets see how much of a national security blanket is thrown over the hearing.  Presumably in setting out the restrictions Miranda seeks to show that all the jumping up and down by those evil lefty types is much ado about nothing.  Perhaps she should give it a whirl for 12 months and see how easy it is to work into her busy schedule.

These restrictions “attack our way of life”, squealed civil libertarians who are upset that Thomas was “at the beach with his family” when the control order was signed.

But people can simultaneously be family men who go to the beach and all sorts of other things, and the simple pleasures of going to the beach with your family was something his terrorist friends turned into a nightmare for 88 Australians and their families in Bali in 2002.

I get the connection but even for Miss Miranda this is an appalling labelling.  Where is the connection between Thomas’s statements and deeds and the Bali bombings.  By the same logic those who subscribed to the IRA cause to varying degrees, and there were many, are automatically drawn into and guilty of every act they committed. They may, and in my opinion were, stupid and naive in their support but putting them at the scene of a crime is another thing altogether.

As Peter Faris, QC, former head of the National Crime Authority, pointed out refreshingly on ABC’s Lateline on Tuesday night: “This is a case about trying to protect the Australian public. And all we have is this … this galaxy of civil liberties lawyers who don’t care a fig about the safety of the Australian public, but only care about the rights of Jack Thomas. What about the rights of the Australian public? Don’t they have a right to be protected?

I don’t know how good a lawyer Faris is but he is on a frolic on his own, leaving his legal knowledge alone, when he gets onto this hobby horse.  He has become a poster boy of the feral right.  One of the few lawyers who will sign onto the crusade for control orders.  I don’t know what his motivation is but it is not grounded in any appreciation of what civil rights are and history, recent and past.  I thought it funny that Miranda would cite his appointment at the NCA.  I doubt he puts that part of his CV so front and centre. Not exactly the high point of his professional life one would have thought. 

“We are at war. And this is a very important function for the Government to protect its citizens.”

This is an Devinesque reworking of the Latin saying that Laws are Silent in times of war.  Convenient and utterly untrue.  Courts do look at matters differently,especially at the onset of a conflict, and legislatures do pass laws to enable allow for the prosecution of war and protection of people but there has traditionally been an eye kept on basic liberties and the reaction is proportional.  And it is a poor understanding of history to assume that whenever such laws were passed there was no debate.  Have a look at some of the war time debates in the papers and parliament during World War 2 in this country. As to proportionality, where were control orders during the height of the Cold War and don’t go on that that didn’t have its hot moments. In this country and other Western democracies it was closer than people think today.  We have to thank people like McClelland, Laurie Short, Santamaria and Kerr in fighting the communists in Australia.  It was a read letter day for democracy when the proposal to ban the communist party was rejected.

Faris says apprehended violence orders are issued by courts every day, along with intervention orders, injunctions, money-laundering restraining orders, preventive detention orders, supervision orders. “The left is not marching in the streets about these.”

And here is where Faris becomes a legal goose.  How many apprehended violence orders or injunctions require someone to report to police stations or determine when to go to bed and what forms of telecommunications can be used.  They are also specifically targetted, preventing A from approaching B,  rather than the blunt catch all object that are control orders, telling A when to stay at home, what communications to use and reporting to the cops.  Faris is misrepresenting the operation of  intervention orders.  As for preventive detention and supervision orders they are of the criminal sphere and the point is that Thomas has been acquitted so how do the examples apply. 

Thomas and his boosters should be thankful he has been treated so well. For one thing, his enormous legal bills are being paid by taxpayers, who will presumably also fund the costly exercise of going to the High Court to challenge the control order.

What does she know of his funding arrangements?  Assuming she knows he had  Legal Aid that hardly constitutes being treated so well.  All Australians may make such a claim.  That someone gets a grant of legal aid is neither here nor there. Would she have “nice” criminals get grants while “bad” criminals run a case on their own.  Has Legal Aid put a caveat on the Thomas house?  Perhaps the taxpayer will get their money back when Thomas sells his place.  Is there a pro bono component to his representetation.  And should he not be able to challenge an order?

Really, the debate over Thomas, like the Hicks debate, is a proxy for the biggest point of difference between Australians - between the inner-urban “elites”, the academic/legal/media classes, and the rest of Australia - suburbanites, the working classes, and country people. It is a divide that the demographer Bernard Salt says will only grow. It is between those who believe the rule of law trumps all, and those who believe the law is servant, not master.

It is the same debate about discipline in schools, about lax parenting, about tougher penalties for criminals, about immigration detention, about whether or not there is a war on terrorism, about whether events of September 11, 2001, were “understandable”, as some believe.

Here is where Miranda actually makes some sense when looked at through right wing columnist glasses.  Her stomping ground is politics and a go at the trendy versus stable dichotomy.  Fair enough.  It makes no logical sense but at least it is not total manufactured or misrepresented legal tosh.  But looking at the debate on a demographic front is just silly.  The supposed battle lines of the effette elites versus the down to earth majority is at best a superfical analysis.  The scum of the earth versus the salt of the earth is the underlining theme.  Perhaps the opponents of control orders live in inner suburbs populated by civil rights activists.  But so what.  Perhaps a professional can afford to live in an place within a inner suburb which is generally, metre for metre, more expensive than an outer suburban equivalent. 

Traditionally the professions have raised the flag on these and other activist issues.  Before she damns the elites she should have a look at Soviet and Nazi history.  The opponents who made public comments about these incoming regimes were lawyers, journalists, academics and those used to fighting in courts and setting out opinions in the media.  Hardly a new concept.  Jan Hus and Martin Luther, one of the inner urban elites of their days, were the activist against the Catholic corruption and not the peasants on the land or even the landowners.  Pick a time in history and have a look at the agitators and see where they stood on the demographic and educational scale.    

As for her comment:

It is between those who believe the rule of law trumps all, and those who believe the law is servant, not master.

That is just frightening.  Perhaps Miranda should revisit Robert Bolt’s “A Man for All Seasons.”  In an exchange between the lawyers lawyer, and my hero, St Thomas Moore and the poltical player, Roper the need for the law to be the master not the servant is encapsulated better than any tome on the subject:  

William Roper: So, now you give the Devil the benefit of law!
Sir Thomas More: Yes! What would you do? Cut a great road through the law to get after the Devil?
William Roper: Yes, I’d cut down every law in England to do that!
Sir Thomas More: Oh? And when the last law was down, and the Devil turned ’round on you, where would you hide, Roper, the laws all being flat? This country is planted thick with laws, from coast to coast, Man’s laws, not God’s! And if you cut them down, and you’re just the man to do it, do you really think you could stand upright in the winds that would blow then? Yes, I’d give the Devil benefit of law, for my own safety’s sake!

Miranda should read and reread this passage for one day the pendulum will swing young Miranda. 

On one side are those who believe the terrorist attacks of September 11 should have been dealt with as if they were a policing matter; in other words, leniently, with hardly anyone arrested, let alone convicted or given a penalty that was anything more than a joke. On the other side are those who understood that Islamic terrorism was an immediate threat requiring firm retaliation and pre-emptive action.

Well I don’t agree that the attacks on September 11 was a policing matter.  I supported the invasion of Afghanistan and have no problems with the West taking military action against terrorists.  And yes Miranda I have no problem with regarding Islamic terrorism as being a threat.  But if someone is going to be charged with a criminal offence then let that person enjoy the rights afforded to all accussed.  She seeks to create a special no rights zone in which to place those who are not convicted first time around.  I am of the right but that doesn’t mean I love injustice.  And these control orders, both in theory and practice are recipes for great injustice. 

Leslie doing a Bondy

November 3, 2005

Michelleleslie2_wideweb__430x337

What a balls up in Bali!  It’s the common experience of many baby barristers to take on a plea in mitigation for a client charged with a minor offence in the Magistrates Court for a Legal Aid shekal. There’s a few basic rules.  Don’t fib for the client, put all matters that explain the client’s circumstances, try to get him/her to wear something presentable on the fateful day and make sure your evidence stands up.  Do that and even a basic plodder will do right by the client.  He (as it usually is) may still go inside but the court may refrain from dropping him into a deep dank pit into which he will otherwise find himself.

The Leslie team, if the latest report on the Leslie best in show trial, deserve the keystone cops award for stupidity above and beyond the call . First off, the entre dumb move is the extreme religious make over.  Amazing how Michelle has stepped away from the idyll of Sydney wannabeearti underwear model to the full burkha babe look.  But the highway to Mecca only stopped off at fundamentalville.  She’s now toned down the look to that of extra on the remake of the “Sheik.”(see pic). Amateur hour.  That brilliant and honest expression of her newly found fervour should inspire lawyers in Australia.  Hell when counsel find a foreigner looking to do a stretch for possessing some E or Colombian marching powder, hell just throw a cork hat on him and get him into a moleskin.  That’ll win over the beak every day of the week.

But this saga  gets dopey when the star expert witness Dr Thong reportedly says that the Leslie’s claim to be addicted to Ritalin is about as credible as Alan Bond’s claim to have suffered memory loss just before going into the Big House all those years ago.  Wobbly witnesses are one thing but an expert going feral before jumping the box is more than a mishap.

Bottom line about this debacle is that stunt filled defences may, and only may, get traction once or twice. After that the tolerance dries up.  So where does that leave punters in Bali who actually might have a real walking and talking plea but not the dough of the wannabeearti.  Leslie shouldn’t be facing 15 years for a couple of Es.  For a first offence in Australia should should get a bond or a fine at most.  Be that as it may she also shouldn’t assume the Balinese are dopes.